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linux下mysql如何自动备份shell脚本！

类目： 服务器/数据库 作者： 网络

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Linux 服务器上的程序每天都在更新 MySQL 数据库，于是就想起写一个 shell 脚本，结合 crontab，定时备份数据库。其实非常简单，主要就是使用 MySQL 自带的 mysqldump 命令。


#!/bin/bash
# Shell script to backup MySql database 
# To backup Nysql databases file to /backup dir and later pick up by your 
# script. You can skip few databases from backup too.
# For more info please see (Installation info):
# http://www.cyberciti.biz/nixcraft/vivek/blogger/2005/01/mysql-backup-script.html 
# Last updated: Aug - 2005
# --------------------------------------------------------------------
# This is a free shell script under GNU GPL version 2.0 or above
# Copyright (C) 2004, 2005 nixCraft project
# Feedback/comment/suggestions : http://cyberciti.biz/fb/
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
# This script is part of nixCraft shell script collection (NSSC)
# Visit http://bash.cyberciti.biz/ for more information.
# -------------------------------------------------------------------------
MyUSER="SET-MYSQL-USER-NAME"   # USERNAME
MyPASS="SET-PASSWORD"    # PASSWORD 
MyHOST="localhost"     # Hostname
# Linux bin paths, change this if it can not be autodetected via which command
MYSQL="$(which mysql)"
MYSQLDUMP="$(which mysqldump)"
CHOWN="$(which chown)"
CHMOD="$(which chmod)"
GZIP="$(which gzip)"
# Backup Dest directory, change this if you have someother location
DEST="/backup"
# Main directory where backup will be stored
MBD="$DEST/mysql"
# Get hostname
HOST="$(hostname)"
# Get data in dd-mm-yyyy format
NOW="$(date +"%d-%m-%Y")"
# File to store current backup file
FILE=""
# Store list of databases 
DBS=""
# DO NOT BACKUP these databases
IGGY="test"
[ ! -d $MBD ] && mkdir -p $MBD || :
# Only root can access it!
$CHOWN 0.0 -R $DEST
$CHMOD 0600 $DEST
# Get all database list first
DBS="$($MYSQL -u $MyUSER -h $MyHOST -p$MyPASS -Bse 'show databases')"
for db in $DBS
do
  skipdb=-1
  if [ "$IGGY" != "" ];
  then
  for i in $IGGY
  do
    [ "$db" == "$i" ] && skipdb=1 || :
  done
  fi
  if [ "$skipdb" == "-1" ] ; then
  FILE="$MBD/$db.$HOST.$NOW.gz"
  # do all inone job in pipe,
  # connect to mysql using mysqldump for select mysql database
  # and pipe it out to gz file in backup dir :)
    $MYSQLDUMP -u $MyUSER -h $MyHOST -p$MyPASS $db | $GZIP -9 > $FILE
  fi
done


保存后将以上脚本加入crontab调度。如：每天早上四点半备份：30 4 * * * /data/backup-db.sh

如果你使用mysql5.1，可能会提示mysqldump 错误:

mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `general_log`': Table 'mysql.general_log' doesn't exist
  
mysqldump: Couldn't execute 'show create table `slow_log`': Table 'mysql.slow_log' doesn't exist


原因是mysql库中没有show_log表和general_log表，需要手动创建：

CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS general_log (
 event_time timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
 user_host mediumtext NOT NULL,
 thread_id int(11) NOT NULL,
 server_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
 command_type varchar(64) NOT NULL,
 argument mediumtext NOT NULL
) ENGINE=CSV DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='General log';
CREATE TABLE IF NOT EXISTS slow_log (
 start_time timestamp NOT NULL DEFAULT CURRENT_TIMESTAMP ON UPDATE CURRENT_TIMESTAMP,
 user_host mediumtext NOT NULL,
 query_time time NOT NULL,
 lock_time time NOT NULL,
 rows_sent int(11) NOT NULL,
 rows_examined int(11) NOT NULL,
 db varchar(512) NOT NULL,
 last_insert_id int(11) NOT NULL,
 insert_id int(11) NOT NULL,
 server_id int(10) unsigned NOT NULL,
 sql_text mediumtext NOT NULL
) ENGINE=CSV DEFAULT CHARSET=utf8 COMMENT='Slow log';


方法二：

注意：

DumpFile=db$(date +%y%m%d)如果设置为这样一定要将此脚本放备份目录下才行。
DumpFile="$BackupPath"db$(date +%y%m%d) 如果设置为这样，日志中会有这样的提示tar: Removing leading `/' from member names 是因为备份的目录使用的是绝对路径，不过这样不影响数据，可以根据自己习惯而定。
-------------------------------------------------------------------start
#!/bin/bash
#This is a ShellScript For Auto DB Backup
#Powered by aspbiz
#2004-09
#Setting
#设置数据库名，数据库登录名，密码，备份路径，日志路径，数据文件位置，以及备份方式
#默认情况下备份方式是tar，还可以是mysqldump,mysqldotcopy
#默认情况下，用root(空)登录mysql数据库，备份至/root/dbxxxxx.tgz
DBName=mysql
DBUser=root
DBPasswd=
BackupPath=/root/
LogFile=/root/db.log
DBPath=/var/lib/mysql/
#BackupMethod=mysqldump
#BackupMethod=mysqlhotcopy
#BackupMethod=tar
#Setting End
 
NewFile="$BackupPath"db$(date +%y%m%d).tgz
DumpFile="$BackupPath"db$(date +%y%m%d)
OldFile="$BackupPath"db$(date +%y%m%d --date='5 days ago').tgz
echo "-------------------------------------------" >> $LogFile
echo $(date +"%y-%m-%d %H:%M:%S") >> $LogFile
echo "--------------------------" >> $LogFile
#Delete Old File
if [ -f $OldFile ]
then
rm -f $OldFile >> $LogFile 2>&1
echo "[$OldFile]Delete Old File Success!" >> $LogFile
else
echo "[$OldFile]No Old Backup File!" >> $LogFile
fi
if [ -f $NewFile ]
then
echo "[$NewFile]The Backup File is exists,Can't Backup!" >> $LogFile
else
case $BackupMethod in
mysqldump)
if [ -z $DBPasswd ]
then
mysqldump -u $DBUser --opt $DBName > $DumpFile
else
mysqldump -u $DBUser -p$DBPasswd --opt $DBName > $DumpFile
fi
tar czvf $NewFile $DumpFile >> $LogFile 2>&1
echo "[$NewFile]Backup Success!" >> $LogFile
rm -rf $DumpFile
;;
mysqlhotcopy)
rm -rf $DumpFile
mkdir $DumpFile
if [ -z $DBPasswd ]
then
mysqlhotcopy -u $DBUser $DBName $DumpFile >> $LogFile 2>&1
else
mysqlhotcopy -u $DBUser -p $DBPasswd $DBName $DumpFile >>$LogFile 2>&1
fi
tar czvf $NewFile $DumpFile >> $LogFile 2>&1
echo "[$NewFile]Backup Success!" >> $LogFile
rm -rf $DumpFile
;;
*)
/etc/init.d/mysqld stop >/dev/null 2>&1
tar czvf $NewFile $DBPath$DBName >> $LogFile 2>&1
/etc/init.d/mysqld start >/dev/null 2>&1
echo "[$NewFile]Backup Success!" >> $LogFile
;;
esac
fi
echo "-------------------------------------------" >> $LogFile
---------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------end

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